Heyyy, sliding in at the eleventh hour (as usual) we have the first SQL Something for 2016!
Hard to believe that I've actually managed to, sort of, maintain this for 3 years.
Anyhow, we end the year with a couple functions that follow a similar format to RANK(): LEAD()/LAG().
LEAD() and LAG() allow users to list the value of the next row or previous row respectively with some given offset from the current row.
Simple example time.